AI-Med

From Barlow Twins to Triplet Training: Differentiating Dementia with Limited Data

Differential diagnosis of dementia is challenging due to overlapping symptoms, with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the primary method for diagnosis. Despite the clinical value of computer- aided differential diagnosis, research has …

Keep the Faith: Faithful Explanations in Convolutional Neural Networks for Case-Based Reasoning

Explaining predictions of black-box neural networks is crucial when applied to decision-critical tasks. Thus, attribution maps are commonly used to identify important image regions, despite prior work showing that humans prefer explanations based on …

Deep learning for the prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus from neck-to-knee Dixon MRI in the UK biobank

*Rationale and objectives:* We evaluate the automatic identification of type 2 diabetes from neck-to-knee, two-point Dixon MRI scans with 3D convolutional neural networks on a large, population-based dataset. To this end, we assess the best …

Can we diagnose mental disorders in children? A large-scale assessment of machine learning on structural neuroimaging of 6916 children in the adolescent brain cognitive development study

*Background*: Prediction of mental disorders based on neuroimaging is an emerging area of research with promising first results in adults. However, research on the unique demographic of children is underrepresented and it is doubtful whether findings …

Don't PANIC: Prototypical Additive Neural Network for Interpretable Classification of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complex and multifactorial etiology, which requires integrating information about neuroanatomy, genetics, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for accurate diagnosis. Hence, recent deep learning approaches combined image …

Identification of causal effects of neuroanatomy on cognitive decline requires modeling unobserved confounders

*Introduction*: Carrying out a randomized controlled trial to estimate the causal effects of regional brain atrophy due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is impossible. Instead, we must estimate causal effects from observational data. However, this …

Joint Reconstruction and Parcellation of Cortical Surfaces

The reconstruction of cerebral cortex surfaces from brain MRI scans is instrumental for the analysis of brain morphology and the detection of cortical thinning in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Moreover, for a fine-grained …

DAFT: A Universal Module to Interweave Tabular Data and 3D Images in CNNs

Prior work on Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has demonstrated that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can leverage the high-dimensional image information for diagnosing patients. Beside such data-driven approaches, many established biomarkers exist and …

Is a PET all you need? A multi-modal study for Alzheimer's disease using 3D CNNs

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and often difficult to diagnose due to the multifactorial etiology of dementia. Recent works on neuroimaging-based computer-aided diagnosis with deep neural networks (DNNs) showed that …

CASHformer: Cognition Aware SHape Transformer for Longitudinal Analysis

Modeling temporal changes in subcortical structures is crucial for a better understanding of the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given their flexibility to adapt to heterogeneous sequence lengths, mesh-based transformer architectures have …